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Context

Although social and tax rules generally apply equally to women and men, they are likely to have a different impact on women and men due to differences in their circumstances (hours of paid work, income, household composition, etc.). Furthermore, because women and men live within larger units such as the household or the tax household, the exact impact of a social and tax measure on women and men depends on how resources are pooled and distributed.

The assessment of socio-fiscal reforms from the perspective of gender inequalities, whilst now mandatory, does not appear to be effective as it overlooks the way in which resources are shared, and very often concludes that the reforms have no effect on inequalities. The aim of this project is to propose a methodology for the allocation of resources, thereby enabling any proposed socio-fiscal reform to be examined from the perspective of gender inequalities.

Presentation

The aim of the study is to propose a general methodology for assessing the effects of a socio-fiscal reform on gender inequalities. In order to measure the effects of socio-fiscal reforms at the individual level, it is necessary to allocate benefits and levies amongst members of the same social or fiscal household. The method developed formulates several competing hypotheses regarding this mode of allocating social and fiscal resources, which then makes it possible to calculate, using a microsimulation programme, the differentiated effects of a reform on men and women for each of these hypotheses. This methodology is then applied to three reforms in the 2015 Budget (the Draft Finance Bill and the Draft Social Security Financing Bill). Analysis of each of these measures reveals that the results obtained are highly sensitive to the assumption made regarding the allocation of benefits and levies.

Research Team

This project is led by the pole Tax system.
Sophie Cottet
Sophie Cottet
Marion Monnet
Marion Monnet
Antoine Bozio
Antoine Bozio
Lucile Romanello
Lucile Romanello

Method and Data

Partners

Ministère chargé de l’Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes et de la lutte contre les discriminations
Last modified: July 20, 2026